Dry

Dry skin under-produces sebum, and without that oil film the barrier lets water evaporate faster than it should. The signals stay consistent. Expect tightness within minutes of washing and flaking around the nose and along the jaw. Foundation catches on raised patches, and fine lines look deeper first thing in the morning. Cold weather, low indoor humidity and hot water all make each of those worse.

Two ingredient types do the work, and both are needed. Humectants such as glycerin, hyaluronic acid and urea draw water into the top layer. Occlusives such as petrolatum, shea butter and dimethicone slow it leaving again. Applying moisturizer within about three minutes of patting the face dry seals in water that is still there instead of trying to add it back later. Swap foaming sulfate cleansers for cream or oil cleansers, keep water lukewarm rather than hot, and run a humidifier when indoor air turns very dry.

Richness has a limit. The creams that rescue dry cheeks can clog the T-zone, so most people end up applying more where it is needed and less elsewhere. Heavy occlusives sit poorly under makeup as well and want about 10 minutes to settle before foundation goes on. Dryness that cracks, itches persistently or spreads in scaly patches is worth showing a dermatologist. Eczema and other conditions look similar and respond to treatment rather than to moisturizer.